A-levels vs AS-levels
Choosing the right qualifications after your GCSEs can feel overwhelming. Two of the most popular options are A-levels and AS-levels, but understanding the differences between them isn’t always straightforward. This guide will help you understand what each qualification offers and which path might be right for your future goals.
Both A-levels and AS-levels are advanced qualifications that can open doors to university and career opportunities. However, they differ in depth, duration, and the value they hold with universities and employers. Let’s break down everything you need to know to make an informed decision.
What are A-levels?
A-levels (Advanced levels) are the gold standard level qualification for students aged 16-18 in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. To progress to A-levels, students typically need to achieve at least five GCSEs, including English and maths, often at grades 9-4 (A*-C). These qualifications are usually started at the beginning of an academic year and are typically studied as a two year course, most commonly in sixth form, to prepare students for university or the workplace.
Generally students progress from GCSEs to A-levels, with students studying three or four A-level subjects, though how many a levels a student takes can vary depending on their goals and abilities. Maths and science are important core subjects for many students, and some A-levels require a high grade in a particular subject at GCSE. When selecting subjects, it is important to consider facilitating subjects and specific subjects that are highly regarded by universities, especially for certain courses or degrees. Many courses at university have specific entry requirements, and some require specific qualifications in particular subjects.
A-levels are assessed through a combination of exams and coursework, depending on the subject. At the end of your two years of study, you’ll sit final exams that determine your final grade. These range from A* (the highest) to E, with U representing an ungraded result. Students who complete the two-year program gain a level qualification that can provide students with the skills and knowledge needed for higher education and careers.
The beauty of A-levels lies in their flexibility. You can choose subjects that complement each other for a specific university course, or choose a diverse range that keeps your options open. Popular combinations include sciences for medicine, humanities for law, or a mix of creative and analytical subjects. Vocational courses, such as BTECs, are also available as an alternative to A-levels for some students.
What are AS-levels?
AS-levels, also known as Advanced Subsidiary Level, are an AS level qualification that sits between GCSEs and full A-levels. This level qualification is typically studied by a student over one academic year and covers roughly half the content of a full A-level course.
Until 2015, AS-levels formed the first year of A-level study, with results contributing to your final A-level grade. However, changes to the education system mean the AS-level is now a standalone qualification, separate from the A-level, and does not count towards the A-level results.
A student may take AS-levels as a fourth subject alongside three full A-levels, or as a way to explore a subject without committing to the complete two-year A-level course. This makes the AS-level qualification particularly useful for students who want to keep their options open or demonstrate breadth in their studies. AS and A-levels are both considered level qualifications, serving as important benchmarks for university admissions and future academic opportunities.
AS-levels are graded A-E, but you cannot achieve an A* grade. The final grade is awarded at the end of the AS-level qualification, once the student has completed the course. In terms of UCAS points (used for university applications), an A grade at AS-level is equivalent to a B grade at A-level, giving you 40 points.
A-levels vs AS-levels comparison
Understanding the key differences between A-levels and AS-levels will help any student decide which combination of level qualifications works best for their situation. Levels generally differ in terms of depth, duration, and impact on future opportunities, with A-levels representing a more advanced stage following AS-levels.
Content and depth
A-levels cover significantly more content than AS-levels. While AS-levels introduce a student to a subject at an advanced level, A-levels delve much deeper into complex topics and require more sophisticated analytical skills. To complete an A-level, a student must study the subject in greater detail than is required for an AS-level.
Study duration
A-levels require a two-year commitment, typically taken over two academic years, while AS-levels can be completed in just one academic year. This makes AS-levels attractive for a student who wants to sample a subject or add breadth to their studies without the long-term commitment.
University recognition
Universities typically focus on your A-level final grade when making offers. While AS-levels can strengthen a student’s application and demonstrate subject breadth, they’re generally considered supplementary rather than essential. Both level qualifications play a role in university admissions, but the final grade achieved in A-levels is usually the primary consideration.
UCAS points
A-levels are worth significantly more UCAS points than AS-levels. An A* at A-level is worth 56 points, while the highest AS-level final grade (A) is worth 40 points. This difference reflects the additional content and difficulty of full A-level study, and the comprehensive nature of the complete qualification.
Benefits of taking A-levels
A-levels remain the preferred qualification for university admission and offer several key advantages for the student planning their next steps.
University preparation
A-levels provide students with excellent preparation for higher education and degree-level study. The analytical skills, independent learning, and subject expertise a student develops directly translate to university success. Many university courses specify particular A-level subjects as entry requirements, and strong A-level results can positively influence university offers.
Subject specialisation
A-levels allow a student to focus on subjects they’re passionate about or that align with their career goals. This specialisation is important because certain courses and degrees require specific qualifications at A-level. Choosing the right subjects can be crucial for meeting the entry requirements of specific university courses.
Recognition and respect
A-levels provide students with credentials widely recognised by universities, employers, and international institutions. They carry significant weight in applications and are often preferred over other qualifications for competitive courses or jobs.
Flexible pathways
With hundreds of A-level subjects available, A-levels provide students with the flexibility to create a study programme that matches their interests and ambitions. This flexibility extends to future options, keeping multiple pathways open.
Assessment and final grade
The final grade achieved in A-levels is crucial for university entry, as it often determines eligibility for higher education and specific courses. Universities and employers consider these final grades when making offers and evaluating applications.
Benefits of taking AS-levels
While A-levels get most of the attention, the as level qualification is a standalone qualification that offers unique advantages and can be valuable for many students.
Subject exploration
AS-levels let a student explore subjects they’re curious about without the full two-year commitment. This is particularly useful if a student is unsure about a subject or wants to test their aptitude before committing to the full A-level.
Breadth of knowledge
Taking AS-levels alongside your A-levels demonstrates intellectual curiosity and provides students with breadth to complement your specialist subjects. This can be particularly attractive to universities that value well-rounded candidates.
Additional UCAS points
The final grade achieved in your AS-level qualification contributes valuable UCAS points to your university application. These extra points can make the difference in competitive university admissions or help you meet entry requirements, and may influence university offers.
Insurance option
If a student is struggling with one of their A-level subjects, an AS-level in a different subject can provide alternative UCAS points and keep university options open. AS-levels provide students with additional options and skills for future academic or career pathways.
Choosing between A-levels and AS-levels: entry requirements
Deciding on the right combination of A-levels and AS-levels depends on several personal factors and your future goals. As a student, making these choices can feel overwhelming, but the right combination can provide students with confidence and keep future options open.
Consider your university plans
If you have a clear university course in mind, seek advice on the specific qualifications required for certain courses. Many courses have entry requirements that include specific subjects at A-level, and some may only accept students with facilitating subjects, which are highly regarded by universities and help keep your options open. For example, medical courses typically require chemistry and biology A-levels, while English literature courses usually require English literature A-level. Always check the requirements for your chosen course and consult with advisors or counselors for tailored advice.
Assess your workload capacity
Be honest about how much you can realistically handle. Three A-levels provide a substantial workload, and adding AS-levels increases this significantly. Consider your other commitments, learning style, and stress tolerance. Many students feel anxious about balancing their workload, but careful planning can provide students with a manageable and rewarding experience.
Think about your interests
Choose subjects you genuinely enjoy and feel motivated to study. You’ll be spending two years with your A-levels, so passion and interest are crucial for success and wellbeing. Selecting specific subjects that align with your interests and university ambitions can make the process more enjoyable and productive.
Evaluate your strengths
Consider subjects where you have demonstrated ability and interest. Your GCSE results can provide guidance, though don’t let a single grade put you off a subject you’re passionate about. Facilitating subjects and strong performance in specific subjects can increase your chances of meeting university entry requirements and succeeding in your chosen path.
Take the next step in your education journey
Understanding the differences between A-levels and AS-levels is just the beginning of your post-16 education journey. The qualifications you choose now will shape your university applications, career opportunities, and future prospects.
Speak with our team
Contact Exam Centre Birmingham today to speak with our education specialists and discover how we can support your A-level and AS-level journey. Your success is our priority, and we're committed to providing the personalised guidance you need to achieve your academic goals.
Frequently asked questions
Can I change my mind after starting A-levels or AS-levels?
Most schools and colleges allow students to change subjects in the first few weeks of term, though this becomes more difficult as the year progresses. Speak to your teachers or college advisors if you’re having second thoughts about your choices. Sixth form colleges are a common place for students to study A-levels or AS-levels, and they often provide students with support during this process.
Do universities prefer students who take AS-levels?
Universities don’t specifically prefer students with AS-levels, but they can strengthen your application by demonstrating breadth of knowledge and additional UCAS points. The key is achieving strong grades in your chosen subjects.
How much harder are A-level subjects compared to GCSEs?
A-levels represent a significant step up from GCSEs in terms of content depth, analytical requirements, and independent study expectations. However, with proper preparation and study habits, most students adapt successfully to the increased demands.
Can I study A-levels and AS-levels at different institutions?
Yes, you can study different subjects at different institutions, though you’ll need to coordinate timetables and ensure you meet each institution’s entry requirements. Some students take most subjects at their main college but study additional AS-levels elsewhere. Sixth form colleges are a popular choice for students who want to take A-levels or AS-levels, and they provide students with guidance on managing their studies across institutions.
What if I don’t get the grades I need?
If a student doesn’t achieve the required grades, there are several options available. You can request a re-mark of your exam papers if you believe there has been an error in marking. Other options include appeals, retaking exams (often at a sixth form college), or exploring alternative university courses through Clearing. Vocational courses are also a valuable alternative to A-levels for students seeking different qualifications. Schools and colleges provide students with guidance and support to help decide the best approach for your situation.